Rails: safe_constantize
"A".constantize rescue nil

require 'active_support'
include ActiveSupport::Inflector
safe_constantize("A") # => nil, return nil without raise error

如果在 rails 中可以用 String#safe_constantize

"A".safe_constantize # => nil
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/inflections.rb
def safe_constantize
  ActiveSupport::Inflector.safe_constantize(self)
end